Parkinson's disease
Content:
- Introducing
- Sign & symptoms
- Causes
- Diagnosis
- Management
Introduction:
- Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder.
- The first signs are problems with movement.
Sign and symptoms
- constipation
- small, cramped handwriting
- voice changes
- stooped posture
- The four major motor problems seen are:
- tremor (shaking that occurs at rest)
- slow movements
- stiffness of arms, legs, and trunk
- problems with balance and tendency to fall
Causes:
Sex:
Men are one and a half times more likely to get Parkinson’s than women.
Race:
Whites are more likely to get Parkinson’s than African Americans or Asians.
Age:
Parkinson’s usually appears between the ages of 50 and 60.
Family history:
People who have close family members with Parkinson’s disease
Head injury:
People who experience head injuries may be more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease
If you do have symptoms, they may be isolated to one side of your body.
At this moderate stage, you may experience symptoms such as:
muscle stiffness
tremors
changes in facial expressions
trembling,
While you’re unlikely to experience new symptoms, they may be more noticeable.
They may also interfere with all of your daily tasks.
Movements are noticeably slower, which slows down activities.
Balance issues become more significant, too, so falls are more common. But people with stage 3 parkinson’s can usually maintain their independence and complete activities without much assistance.
Also, at this stage, individuals with Parkinson’s may experience confusion, delusions, and hallucinations. These complications of the disease can begin in the later stages.
This is the most common Parkinson’s disease stage system, but alternative staging systems for Parkinson’s are sometimes used.
DAT
Speech therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy can also help to improve communication and self-care.
Anticholnergic-levadopa
Stages:
Stage 1
Parkinson’s is the mildest form.If you do have symptoms, they may be isolated to one side of your body.
Stage 2
The progression from stage 1 to stage 2 can take months, \At this moderate stage, you may experience symptoms such as:
muscle stiffness
tremors
changes in facial expressions
trembling,
Stage 3
At this middle stage, symptoms reach a turning point.While you’re unlikely to experience new symptoms, they may be more noticeable.
They may also interfere with all of your daily tasks.
Movements are noticeably slower, which slows down activities.
Balance issues become more significant, too, so falls are more common. But people with stage 3 parkinson’s can usually maintain their independence and complete activities without much assistance.
Stage 4
The progression from stage 3 to stage 4 brings about significant changes. At this point, you will experience great difficulty standing without a walker or assistiveStage 5
In this most advanced stage, severe symptoms make around-the-clock assistance a necessity. It will be difficult to stand, if not impossible. A wheelchair will likely be required.Also, at this stage, individuals with Parkinson’s may experience confusion, delusions, and hallucinations. These complications of the disease can begin in the later stages.
This is the most common Parkinson’s disease stage system, but alternative staging systems for Parkinson’s are sometimes used.
Diagnosis:
CAT scan or MRIDAT
Treatment:
Treatment for Parkinson’s relies on a combination of lifestyle changes, medications, and therapies. Adequate rest, exercise, and a balanced diet are important.Speech therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy can also help to improve communication and self-care.
Dopamine agonist
Anticholnergic-levadopa
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