general management of poisoning
- avoid contamination yourself
- act quickly speed as essential
- ensure an open airway
- assist ventilation if necessary
- treat asphyxia first
- if the patient is unconscious do not induce vomiting and place in the recovery position
- if the patient is conscious give milk or water to drink., do not give emitics, soft drinks or encourage to vomiting as this dangerous to patients airway
- If the patient vomits spontaneously, keep a sample for analysis by the hospital
- Continually assess the patient for sudden deterioration
- Keep the patient still and quit , do not let them walk
- Constantly reassure the patient
- Collect samples of the poison , bottles and other containers
- Provide speedy and accurate information to the hospital about the poison
- The hospital can get information from the National Poisons Information Centre to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of unusual poisons.
Identify the cause poisoning:
- The first step to identify the poisoning type
- Cause of poison can be known from the relatives of the patient or by the patients himself if he is conscious.
- This step helps deciding the specific treatment to the poisoning.
Preventing the further absorption of poisoning:
This is an important step in controlling the further spread of poisoning
Introduction of vomiting:
- Syrup of ipecac is the preferred emetic for introducing vomiting
- Emesis is contraindicated in the following cases vomiting should not be induced in comatose patients
- Emesis is contraindicated for caustic poisoning and petroleum distillates poisoning.
- Gastric lavage is an important measure to control poisoning. It is also helpful when emesis is contraindicated.
3.use of activated charcoal:
- Activated charcoal - adsorbs the poisons and delays the gastrointestinal absorption of the poison.
Elimination of poisoning:
Uses of Antidotes-
specific antidotes for treating the specific type of poisoning.
ex: Atropine- organophosporous poisoning.
Cathartics-
Cathartic is a substance that accelerates defecation, cathartics are used to removal of a toxic substance.
Dialysis-
- Peritoneal dialysis and haemodialysis have limited use in the treatment of - intoxication with chemicals.
- Calcium edetate- lead poisoning.
- Ethyl alcohol- methanol poisoning.
- Dimercapol- heavy metal poisoning such as Arsenic, Copper, Lead, gold and Mercury.
- Oxygen gas- carbon Monoxide poisoning.
- Pencillamine- heavy metals like copper, Lead, Mercury and Zinc.
- Pralidoxime- organophosphorous poisoning.
Milk- Milk is a universal antidote.
Its antidote property is attributed to Calcium and magnesium present in it which act as chelating agents.
General supportive measures for improving the patients conditions
Use of Oxygen therapy when there is hypoxia
Correction of the Blood Pressure of the patient by fluid therapy;
Airways should be cleared with the help of suction apparatus.
Monitoring of the patient:
After the patients recovery monitor sometimes to if any adverse effect will be occur or not, monitor vitals.
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