Universal precautions

Synopsis:

Introduction
Standard precautions

Personal protective equipment
Needle stick injury prevention
Hand hygiene techniques

Isolation presentation

Contact precautions
Droplets precautions
Airborne precautions

Other clinical infection control issues

Introduction:

Universal precautions is refers to the practice in medicine, of avoiding contact with patients body fluids, by means of wearing of nonporous things such as medical gloves, goggles, and face shields. Etc..

Standard precautions:

1.personal protective equipment

Gloves:

Universal precautions

sterile gloves
non sterile gloves
use clean non sterile gloves -when touching blood, body fluieds, secretions, excretion, and contaminated items
After usage :
remove gloves and wash hands before touching noncontaminated items.

Eye goggles:

Eye protection, and face shield that are fluid resistance are warm to protect mucus membrane of the eyes, nose, & mouth
Contaminated -during patient care activities doing, and procedures likely to generate splash or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions

Face mask:

Universal precautions

These masks prevent large droplets of body fluids that may contain virus from escaping via the nose and mouth.
Face mask also protect against splashes and sprays from other, such as those from sneezes and coughs.

Gown:

$Universal precautions$

universal precautions

The non sterile gowns are fluid resistance, so protect the workers skin and clothing during patient care activities.

2.hand hygiene:

Get used to washing your hand

before & after the procedure and touch the patient .
before & after contact of an patient things or an instrument.

After remove your gloves.
When you do wash your hands, wash them vigorously foam or gel for at least 20 sec before rinsing with clean water. Turn hand washing into a habit. Habits or reliable, even when you are stressed.

3.needle stick injury prevention:

It is a most common in health care professionals.
Exposure to body fluids during residency. & the most of the exposures involved a puncture with hallow needle or other sharp object.
The major concern are the risk of infection with the hepatitis virus & the HIV .

Isolation precautions:

Contact precautions
Droplet precautions
Airborne precaution

1.contact precaution:

A serious illness easily transmitted by direct patient contact or by contact with items patient environment.
Infection contact though the skin any wounds. Eg: contact infectious disease such as,
hepatitis A
rotavirus
parainfluenza virus
Diptheria,etc.

2.Droplet precautions:

Patient suspected serious illnesses transmitted by large particle droplets (>5 micrometer in size)
That can generated by the patient during talking, sneezing, or coughing or during their performance of procedure.
So wear proper personal equipments.
Eg: Droplet spread infection disease:
adenovirus
H1N1 influenza
mumps
Rubella

3.Airborne disease:

A infected microorganism transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
Airborne precautions apply to small particle residue (5 micrometers 0r smaller) of evaporate droplets containing microorganism that remains suspended in the air and can be depressed widely by currents over a long distance.
Air borne spread infectious disease:
rubella
tuberculosis