Cell
Overview:
- Cell structure
- Introduction
- Cell membrane
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Centrioles
- Nucleus
Cell structure:
Introduction:
- All living things are made up of cell.
- The cell is basic unit of structure & function.
- This statement are known as cell theory Forwarded by :Mathias schleiden & Theador schwann
Cell membrane:
- Protective and support
- Regulate what entre and leaves the cell
- The cell membrane passage the materials both into & out of the cell. It regulate the passages through the membrane by osmosis
- Water soluble membrane substances cross the membrane by diffusion by or active transport
- Many water soluble solutes are transported by carrier protein.
Mitochondria:
Mitochondria play a main role in oxidation of carbohydrates & fats, so they are consider as the actual respiratory organ of the cell.
- During such biological oxidation large amount of energy is released this energy is utilized by mitochondria for synthesis of the energy rich compounds known as adenosine triphosphate or ATP.
- Due to this function, the mitochondria are also known as powerhouse of the cell
- Mitochondria produce 95% of ATPs
Ribosome:
- The ribosome are chemically composed RNA + protein.
- The ribosomal RNA(rRNA) play a main role in protein synthesis.
- The function of rRNA is under genetic control.
Endoplasmic reticulum:
1.Ribosome attached with reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
2.Smooth endoplasmic reticulum don’t have ribosomes.
RER > is the site of protein production.
SER > is related to lipid metabolism.
- Exchange of molecules by osmosis, diffusion & active transport.
- Enzymes of ER control many metabolic activity Intracellular transport system.
- Helps from nuclear membrane after cell division.
- SER synthesis lipids & in animal lipids like steroids.
- It provide skeletal frame work to the cell.
Golgi apparatus:
- Packing and storage of protein is done here.
- Cisternae face receive protein vesicle from RER.
- Repacked vesicles are transferred throughout the cell & is site of formation of glycoproteins & glycolipids.
- For extracellular needs vesicles are sent to intracellular space.
- Lysosome is produced here
Lysosome:
- Most up of seen in secretory cells & excretory cells.
- Lysosomes contains 40 type of enzymes.
- There are : protease, nuclease, lipase, phospholipase, phosphates, Etc,..
- The enzymes digest carbohydrates, fat, and proteins .
- They dissolute and digest aged redundant damaged deed cells and macromolecules from within or outside of cell.
- Enzymes are highly acidic 4-5 PH.
Centriole;
- Two centrioles found near nucleus.
Centrosomes arranges microtubules as spindles during cell division and segregates chromosomes which determine position of nucleus is daughter cell.
- Play role in organizing the organs in new cells.
- Provides fiber of tail of sperm cell
Nucleus:
- Nucleus is control centre of all cell metabolic & hereditary activities of cell.
- There are bi nucleus, and poly nucleus are there, poly nucleus is called as syncytium.
- Endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with outer membrane.
- Nucleoli has DNA of nuclear orgin - four type of ribosomal protein(rRNA), -RNA binding protein– RNA splinting protein are there.
- Sub unit of ribosome are synthesis in nucleoli.
- Initiation, production, maturation the three stages of ribosome production take place in three different region of nucleoli.
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